Do you agree or disagree with the author go either way it does not Essay

Do you concur or differ with the writer go whichever way it doesn't make a difference to me - Essay Example It has caught the consideration of different nations remembering the United States for work power and innovation. There is no uncertainty that China has the most sophisticate innovations and the quickest financial development than some other state over the globe. It is additionally apparent that China has solid military powers. Notwithstanding every one of these variables, I can't help contradicting Gifford that China is the future super force. As per Uckert (1995, p. 9), China despite everything face some serious issues that impede her from accomplishing this enormous objective. This has been clear in the market since a large portion of China’ economy has been persistently state claimed. These state claimed ventures utilize just a single third of the urban Chinese workforce while about portion of the undertakings run by the state are unfruitful. Despite the fact that the Chinese government comprehends the circumstance, they are hesitant on the grounds that they dread it will cause joblessness and social agitation. Second boundary is the populace, which brings down its per capita salary. To gauge the economy of China, it should traverse a bigger populace which likewise influences its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Presently, the world GDP is developing at s pace of 4.5 %. The typical china’s economy at present is $3.2 trillion for it to lead each state it implies that it needs to develop at 11% constantly for a long time which may not be conceivable on the grounds that it has never developed past 10%. What's more, high populace prompts joblessness and furthermore powers the legislature to redirect its speculations to non gainful areas like lodging therefore influencing its monetary development. Aside from that, it likewise prompts visit twisting of value items, defilement and constrained government incomes. Every one of these components are not pointers of future super powers. As of now, the connection between the state and the general public in china isn't solid because of inconsistent dispersion of assets. There is incredible dissimilarity among wages and ways of life among the Chinese residents,

Evidence Based Health Practice Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Question: Depict about the Evidence Based Health Practice for Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Answer: An evaluate of Jeffs, E., Wiseman, T. (2013). Randomized controlled preliminary to decide the advantage of every day locally established exercise notwithstanding self-care in the administration of bosom malignancy related lymphoedema: a possibility study.Supportive Care in Cancer,21(4), 1013-1023. Bosom malignant growth related lymphoedema (BCRL) has for quite some time been recognized as an extra repercussion to ladies disease survivors hindering their typical lives. Remedial mediations to address their conditions by methods for reasonable exercise and self consideration systems have been proposed to bring about positive results for the patients. In any case, deficiency of confirmations to help the speculation was found with regards to BCRL that may make a hole by and by and clinical research. Hence, to acquire knowledge into this issue, different literary works should be checked on completely to get better understanding. Partner 2010 agenda serves to fundamentally assess the distributed preliminary reports. A basic examination of this article distributed in 2013 will be done as per the CONSORT 2010 agenda using RCT to assess the attainability of every day locally established exercise mediations before embraced a bigger RCT to treat stable BCRL in ladies. Title and Abstract The article (Jeffs Wiseman, 2013) viable unmistakably expresses the examination study led as the randomized controlled preliminary for the sake of the title itself. Further in the organized conceptual bit, the examination structure, strategy embraced, significant discoveries and applicable ends that can be extrapolated from the outcomes have been referenced in a complete way. Presentation Foundation and Objectives Bosom malignant growth have upset the lives of a huge extent of ladies worldwide and reports of the interminable state of lymphoedema in the bosom disease survivors following treatment have been found to contrarily affect their nature of living, as it were, and the number is flooding. Proof based examinations relevant to bosom malignancy related lymphoedema (BCRL) have featured on the indications, determination, decrease of dangers and the board methodology to handle this crippling issue (Fu, 2014). Confirmations contraindicates that manual lymphatic waste (MLD) isn't reasonable for forestalling or overseeing BCRL (Huang et al., 2013). Different examinations have given other option, prevalent and financially savvy apparatus, for example, estimation of tissue dielectric consistent (TDC) to evaluate the adjustments in the water substance of the tissues along these lines going about as a pointer of beginning stage of BCRL (Haen, 2012). Chest area obstruction practices have borne positiv e ramifications for disease survivors with BCRL cultivating improved physical usefulness and by and large wellbeing status in certain investigations (Cormie et al., 2013). Comparative discoveries bolster the view that high power obstruction practice preparing (RET) can possibly impact the solid quality in the bosom malignancy survivors with BCRL (Nelson, 2016). Consequently, the adequacy of the proposed practice system as a treatment methodology to handle BCRL in the picked article can be very much confirmed with different investigations of comparative kind. The essential target set up by the specialists underlines in separating the declined degrees of the overabundance appendage volume (ELV) among both the contemplated gatherings, with the benchmark group exposed to just self consideration stage and the interventional bunch encountering self consideration notwithstanding day by day locally established exercise program. In this specific circumstance, the discoveries from applicable research might be refered to which expresses that solution for and adherence to BCRL self consideration methods are not advanced however factor for the bosom malignancy survivors (Brown et al., 2014). The auxiliary targets in the given investigation represented crucial contemplations concerning the effects of the activity in personal satisfaction, scope of development (ROM) of the shoulder and activity of the arms related to BCRL. Late examinations have additionally illuminated these gear of BCRL, deciding the adjustments in arm volume following meetings of lo w and substantial burden obstruction practice and plan solution rules as needs be (Bloomquist, 2016). In this way, the anticipated destinations in the given examination offer degree for additional test into the issue. Techniques Preliminary Design RCT in the picked examination intended to produce reproducible, legitimate outcomes by ethicalness of wiping out the determination inclination. The pilot method of analysis anticipated the plausibility of the exploration embraced as far as time, cost, and unfriendly outcomes assuming any. Study using the helpful impacts of Yogic intercessions to oversee BCRL have additionally received randomized controlled pilot for their examination work (Loudon et al., 2014). Consequently, the decision of the preliminary structure is seen as proper. Members Cautious assessment of the clinical records for the BCRL patients recognized 532 patients to be reasonable. The incorporation basis was the BCRL in one-sided arm with stable expanding for at any rate 3 months and 10% ELV. Prohibition standards included past history for reciprocal bosom malignant growth treatment, factors adding to modification in appendage volumes and recorded non-similarity with concurred self consideration rehearses. Maintaining the measures 85 was seen as appropriate and greeting alongside the Patient data sheet was sent to these potential up-and-comers looking for their endorsement to take an interest in the examination. Out of the 85, 39 agreed to take an interest. From that point by methods for thorough telephonic screening and screening arrangements, a bunch of 23 members were at long last picked to be incorporated. 11 out of 23 framed the interventional gathering, while the staying 12 involved the benchmark group. Along these lines, determination of the subje cts was completed in a stepwise deliberate manner limiting the negative factors similar to practicable. Intercessions The interventional system ad libbed and executed was as per the standard rules and conventions followed to guarantee MLD. The activity suggested for the interventional gathering (IG) was an amalgamation of breathing, hand siphoning just as gravity resistive isotonic arm works out. The IG members were prepared and taught to do the recommended practices through showings and essential follow up was led at each experience to ease any kind of dread. Accordingly the mediations were totally defended. Results According to the predefined essential and optional estimation results, the estimations and estimations were embraced. Clinical estimations contained appendage volume appraisal through standard optoelectric gadget, weight and tallness to compute the weight file (BMI), scope of development of the shoulder during each visit in the investigation residency at weeks 0, 4, 12 and 26. Useful status and self examination report with respect to the personal satisfaction (QOL) of the members were obtained too from pertinent poll. Test Size The number of inhabitants in 23 respondents adds to the example size in the givens study. Each of the 23 members out of the initially screened 532 records communicated their ability to chip in the examination and satisfied all the consideration models to be qualified. No penetrate of support or any kind of break examination was appropriate in this specific contemplated case that supported the dependability of the exploration. Randomisation Subjects were haphazardly alloted by prudence of applying successively numbered fixed envelopes to either CG or IG. Randomisation was led in squares of six and eight so as to legitimize the decent idea of portion for the particular gatherings in the event that the enrollment was not adequate. Designation covering instrument Designation of gatherings was completed in squares of six and eight through consecutively numbered fixed envelopes as a measure to keep up balance if subject enrollment was insufficient. Execution The arbitrary distribution conspire was conceptualized by the scientists themselves to suit their exploration setting. Members were enlisted under the oversight of two medical caretakers having some expertise in lymphoedema treatment, three experienced physiotherapists to treat BCRL and two patient clients. The interventional approaches and the acquaintance preliminaries though concerned were directed under the prepared couldn't care less of these human services experts. Blinding In the picked examination, the analyst was blinded to the portion procedure and the subsequent interventional results. The likelihood of the following predisposition and blemishes are accordingly checked because of such blinding with respect to the scientist. Factual Methods All the factual examination was done through the SPSS form 19 programming bundles setting the degree of centrality at p0.05. To keep up homogeneity gauge information were assessed. Dispersion of information was noted with the assistance of histogram just as computation including 95% of the populace and the non-ordinary conveyed information were introduced as middle, lower quartile and upper quartile. Non-parametric tests were received and for middle computation 95% certainty interim (CI) was thought of. Results Member stream The Figure 1 of the article gave fundamental data identified with the quantity of members allotted to every one of the gatherings of IG and CG, the subjects experiencing endorsed proposed medicines with the results advised unmistakably at the appropriate time of the week by week follow up preliminaries. Preparing techniques and the clinical appraisal information is additionally spoken to diagrammatically in the Figure 1. Enlistment The given examination reached out for a half year with the subsequent system fixed for both the IG and CG members to be toward the finish of fourth, twelfth and 26th weeks. Pattern information for all the members independent of their gatherings was noted at week 0. For the IG just, practice procedure and grouping followed was checked at consistently o

Adjusting to College Your New Life

Adjusting to College Your New Life Almost exactly year ago, I committed to spending the next four years of my life at the University of Illinois. Until writing this post, I forgot how big of a decision this was. I was 17 when I decided where I would be building a life for myself for the next four years. Thats a big decision for a person of any age, much less a 17-year-old kid! I’m sure my 21-year-old self will be terrified to remember that 17-year-old me was trusted with such a big choice. I know I would have had my doubts if 13-year-old me would have had to make a decision with four years of life-altering implications. Nonetheless, I did the best I could. I could not be more sure that I made the right choice. So far, I’m proud of the person I was a year ago. The Zoe that existed a year ago was a hard worker. She did her research. She battled a terrible head cold during the college theatre audition season. She got into some darn good schools and earned some darn good scholarship money. But she had a whole lot to learn. She had no idea what was coming, and she had no idea how much she would change in the upcoming year. My first month on campus at Illinois was the most exciting time of my life up until that point. Even though I had a ton of fun, the transition was a challenge. It was a big step. I uprooted myself from the only life I had ever known and replanted in Champaign-Urbana. Ensuring that you have a fantastic four years at Illinois is like taking care of a plant. The only difference is that the plant is you, and you can’t go to Lowes and buy a new self if you mess up. Here are my tips for adjusting to your new college life. Build friendships and let them evolve During Welcome Week at Illinois, youll be surrounded by 7,000 other 18-year-olds who are desperate to find their people. I promise that it’s a good kind of desperate. For all the right reasons, incoming freshmen often go out of their way to fit into a social group. The connections you create could turn into great friends down the road. Still, keep this in mind. Your Welcome Week friends might be just that: friends to get you through Welcome Week. I met some wonderful people, most of whom live in my dorm. We enjoyed scavenger hunts, karaoke nights, and dining hall meals together that first week. Though we had lots of good times, we grew apart. We all have different majors, different interests, different goals, different hobbies, and different schedules. We still say hello in the halls, but we have grown closer to other people. That is okay. Then again, it is equally likely that you could be like Marshall in How I Met Your Mother. Your future best friend (Ted) and your future wife (Lily) might live down the hall from you. Welcome Week friends are what you make of them. You must reach out starting on day one. You’ll see hundreds of new faces and learn dozens of new names. With a little luck, effort, and good timing, you can make friends that will last a lifetime. And, once you do, lean on them. They will need to lean on you, too. Get involved In high school, many friendships begin out of proximity, convenience, and similarity. It was much easier to make friends when you filtered through the same building with the same people from 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. every weekday for four years. In college, finding people you have things in common with can be tricky, but it does not have to be. Joining a registered student organization (RSO) is one of the best ways to meet people who have interests and passions like yours. Whether you love to cook, play soccer, write, dance, go camping, drink coffee, or pretty much anything else, there is a student organization full of people who love the same thing. Sharing an interest with other club members gives you something to talk about right away. This commonality can lead to the formation of a group of friends. If you can go out and do the things you love with people you love, youve struck gold. The memories you make with your friends will make college the best four years of your life. Figure out a routine, NOW The best time to start developing a healthy routine is on move-in day. A silly, but informative thing happened to me on my own move-in day that made me realize this. I couldnt haul all my getting-ready supplies to the bathroom all at once. Also, I remembered that I would no longer be able to leave my toothbrush on the edge of the sink. At home, it works. At school, its gross. Because of this, my morning routine had to change. Now, I have developed a way of getting myself out the door that works for me. It is different from the one that worked in high school. This is just one example of the many parts of my day-to-day life that look different now than they did in the past. It seems obvious, but dont let it take you by surprise. College is a big change. Your typical schedules for mornings, meals, exercise, sleep, and self-care will have to change, too. Dont wait until halfway through your first semester to start developing good habits. The time is always to start making healthy choices is always now. If you take action and adjust to college early, you have every opportunity to become the best you that you can be. Why not be excellent? Remember your roots, but dont forget to grow Im lucky to have great relationships with my mom and dad. I missed them a lot more than I expected to this year, and calling them is always one of the highlights of my day. Visiting home is fun and important, but you must find balance to combat homesickness. When you first come to Illinois in the fall, go home for Labor Day weekend if you must. After that, stick it out until late October or early November. Going home too often tells your brain that you don’t have to adjust to this new life that you are planning on living for the next four years. Going home every weekend or every other weekend is probably too much. Plus, bus tickets are expensive. Keep in touch with your support system back at home, but dont feel guilty for staying on campus on free weekends. Your parents, siblings, other family members, and friends are only a call away. Be here as much as you can. Ask for help The University of Illinois has tons of resources available to students who are having a tough time adjusting to life on campus. There is no shame in asking for help. In fact, it might be the best thing you can do for yourself. Reaching out is always better than staying silent. The Counseling Center, McKinley Health Center, and Disability Resource Educational Services (DRES) are all great resources. If you dont know where to start, knock on your RAs door. They will be able to point you in the right direction. I hope this post gives you an idea of what to expect as a freshman adjusting to life in college. Youll be a pro in no time, and youll wonder where the time went. Feel free to leave a comment if you have any questions! Zoe Class of 2021 I am from Rock Island, Illinois, which is right on the Illinois-Iowa border. I am a dual-degree student studying Acting in the College of Fine and Applied Arts and Advertising in the College of Media. I am also a James Scholar and a Chancellor's Scholar.

The legal status of the Gaza Strip - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2674 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Level High school Did you like this example? Background The Gaza Strip came into existence following the 1948 war and the establishment of Israel. It absorbed dozens of thousands of Palestinian refugees who were expelled from their homes and lands inside Israel. As two thirds of its population were refugees, the Gaza Strip became one huge refugee camp. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The legal status of the Gaza Strip" essay for you Create order The then Israeli Prime Minister David Ben Gurion offered annexing the Gaza Strip to Israel believing that it would resolve the problem of having such concentration of Palestinian refugees in the northwest of the Negev. However, this offer was rejected by Egypt in the Lausanne conference of 1949.[1] Following the 1948 war, Egypt administered the Gaza Strip, but did not annex it. Egyptian military forces ruled over the Gaza Strip and managed all public and civil affairs.[2] During that period, Israel launched military incursions into the Gaza Strip to intimidate Palestinians and carried out indiscriminate air strikes. It eventually occupied the territory following the 1956 war against Egypt, but it was compelled under international pressure to withdraw from the territory in 1957.[3] The situation in the Gaza Strip remained as such until the six-day war in 1967 between Israel and neighboring Arab countries, following which Israel occupied the Gaza Strip; the West Bank, including E ast Jerusalem, which was under the Jordanian administration; the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula; and the Syrian Golan Heights. On 22 November 1967, the UN Security Council issued resolution 242, which is also known as land for peace resolution, calling for withdrawal of Israels armed forces from territories occupied in theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ conflict.[4] However, the resolution has not been implemented. Israel ruled the Gaza Strip according to military orders issued by the military commander of the area with no consideration to the laws that were in force before the occupation. It refused to recognize that it was an occupying power in the Gaza Strip and insisted that it was only administering the area. During its occupation, Israel established 21 settlements on Palestinian lands throughout the Gaza Strip, where thousands of Israeli settlers lived. Palestinian resistance of the occupation in the Gaza Strip took the form of sporadic armed struggle led by the Palestine Liberation Organizat ion (PLO), especially in the 1970s. In the early 1980s the Palestinian struggle took the form of popular resistance with Palestinians, especially students, organizing mass demonstrations protesting against the Israeli occupation. This Palestinian movement matured with the outbreak of the first Intifada in December 1987, which marked a new stage of the history of the Gaza Strip that highlighted the reality of the Israeli occupation and the need for ending it. During the Intifada, Israeli forces killed hundreds of Palestinian civilians and wounded thousands of others. In the early 1990s, the situation witnessed a major development with some Palestinian armed groups attacking Israeli military targets inside the Gaza Strip, so Israel began to seek a solution to stop the losses of its soldiers. Therefore, it initiated secret negotiations with the PLO in Oslo which were concluded by the Declaration of Principles, under which the two parties agreed that an autonomous Palestinian authority would be established and the peace process between them would be based on the land for peace principle. In May 1994, the two sides signed Gaza-Jericho Agreement, according to which Israeli forces were redeployed in the Gaza Strip and in Jericho in the West Bank. They also agreed that a final settlement would be reached by the end of a five-year interim arrangements. In Summer 2000, US President Bill Clinton invited the late chairman of the Palestinian Authority Yasser Arafat and the then Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak to Camp David to negotiate a final solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflicts, but the negotiations failed. Soon after, in September 2000, the second Palestinian Intifada broke out and it was different from the first one in that it involved the use of heavy weapons by Israeli forces against Palestinians, while Palestinian armed groups attacked Israeli military objectives and settlements in the Gaza Strip and West Bank. In September 2005 Israel completed it s unilateral disengagement plan and declared an end of its martial law in the Gaza Strip. Under the plan, Israeli forces redeployed outside the Gaza Strip and Israeli settlements were evacuated. By the implementation of the disengagement plan Israel claimed that the occupation of Gaza ended. However, in spite of withdrawing its troops and settlers from the Gaza Strip, Israel has continued to influence the life in the Gaza Strip: the Israeli military has continued to control the airspace and territorial water of Gaza, and the passage of persons and goods into Gaza; and Israel has not delivered to the Palestinian Authority the population registration records and has not agreed to the opening of Gazas seaport and airport.[5] In June 2007, following short internal fighting with Fatah movement, Hamas, which won the majority of seats in the elections of the Palestinian Legislative Council in January 2006, took over the Gaza Strip and expelled the Palestinian Authority security services and officials. Since 2005, Israeli has carried out a series of incursions and air strikes against the Gaza Strip, and even wide-scale military offensives, the most prominent of which were Operation Cast Lead (2008-2009), Operation Pillar of Defense in November 2012, and the latest one, Operation Protective Edge, which is addressed by this essay. Current Legal status of the Gaza Strip In order to categorize the latest conflict, Operation Protective Edge, under international law it is necessary to examine the current legal status of the Gaza Strip. Israels position In September 2005, Israel implemented its unilateral disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip, under which Israeli troops were redeployed outside the area and took positions at the border, and Israeli settlements were evacuated. Israel declared an end of its military rule of the Gaza Strip. It claimed that as it took these measures, its position as an occupying power in Gaza ended.[6] Brigadier General Aviv Kochavi, the departing Israeli military Gaza Region Commander, stated: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the responsibility for whatever takes place inside befalls upon the [Palestinian] Authorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[7] On that same day the former Israeli military Chief of Southern Command, Major-General Dan Harel, issued an official decree claiming the end of military rule in the Gaza Strip.[8] The states position, as detailed before the Israeli Supreme Court in a case challenging the practice of sonic booms over the Gaza Strip, is that the laws of occupation, according to which an occupying powe r owes legal obligations towards pro ­tected persons living in occupied territory, apply when the territory is under the authority of the enemy and such authority is stablished and capable of being exercised.[9] At the legal level, the Israeli Supreme Court rejected a petition by human rights organizations against the restriction of electricity supplies to Gaza. It ruled that Israel is no longer responsible for public order in the Gaza Strip, nor for the well-being of the Gaza Strips population under the laws of occupation.[10] International Law and International Humanitarian Law In spite of unilaterally evacuating 8,000 settlers and removing military installments from the Gaza Strip in September 2005, Israel have maintained effective control of the Gaza Strip, so it remains the occupying power as defined by article 42 of the Hague Regulations 1907,[11] which stipulates: Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile ar my. The occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and can be exercised. According to article 43, Israel as the occupying power of the Gaza Strip must take all the measures in [its] power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety, while respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the country. In fact, Israel have maintained control over the Gaza Strip through: Effective control of border crossings of the Gaza Strip into Israel; Control on the ground through repeated incursions and an imposing access-restricted areas along the eastern and northern border of the Gaza Strip; Control of the Gaza Stripà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s airspace; Control of the Gaza Stripà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s territorial waters and limiting the fishing areas; Control of the registry of the Palestinian population of the Gaza Strip; Control of tax policies and transfer of tax revenues; Control of the of the Palestinian Authoritys ability to exercise governmen ­tal functions.[12] Under the current situation, the powers Israel exercises from the borders enable it to control the life within the Gaza Strip. As shown in the case of Denmark during the Second World War, the occupier may leave in place an existing local administration or allow a new authority to be established for as long as it preserves the ultimate authority. Under the Oslo Accords and other related agreements, Israel has transferred to the Palestinian Authority some powers and functions within the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, but kept for itself the ultimate authority, especially with regards to security. When Israel implemented the unilateral disengagement and evacuated its troops and settlers from the Gaza Strip, it left in place a Palestinian local administration, but there is no local governing body to which full authority was transferred.[13] Israels justification for its offensive on Gaza In a statement to the international community, the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu s aid:[14] Hamas and other terrorist groups in Gaza are firing rockets on cities throughout the State of Israelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No country on earth would remain passive in the face of hundreds of rockets fired on its cities and Israel is no exceptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I spoke with several world leaders. I appreciated their expressions of strong support for our right and our duty to defend ourselves, and this is what we will continue to do. Israel claimed that it was acting in self-defense in Gaza, and attempted to portray itself as the victim in the conflict. The United States endorsed this justification for the use of force. However, Gaza is not an independent state and Israel accepts this but instead sees Gaza as a hostile entity, a concept that is unknown to international law and one that Israel has never explained. The status of Gaza is clear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it is an occupied territory and part of the occupied Palestinian territory. Effective control is the test of occupation as recently confirmed by the International Court of Justice in dispute between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. Concerning the case of Gaza, Israeli physical presence in the territory is not necessary as Israel retains effective control over the territory by other means. It uses modern technology to control all aspects of life in Gaza.[15] Israel argues that it can invoke the right to self-defense under international law. It has attempted to frame rocket fire from Gaza as an armed attack within the meaning of Article 51 of the UN Charter to justify its offensive on Gaza. However, the International Court of Justice rejected this faulty legal interpretation in its 2004 Advisory Opinion. The ICJ pointed out that an armed attack that would trigger Article 51 of the UN Charter must be carried out by a sovereign state, but the attacks by Palestinians emerge from a territory that is under Israels jurisdiction. [16] The ICJs Opinion is complementary to the UN General Assembl y Resolution 2694 adopted on 30 November 1970, which affirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples under colonial and alien domination recognized as being entitled to the right of self-determination to restore to themselves that right by any means at their disposal. The Resolution also considers that the acquisition and retention of territory in contravention of the right of the people of that territory to self-determination is inadmissible and a gross violation of the Charter and condemns those governments that deny the right to self-determination of peoples recognized as being entitled to it, especially of the peoples of southern Africa and Palestine. The rejection of Israel argument concerning Article 51 of the UN Charter leaves Israel at risk of prosecution for the crime of aggression.[17] Military or belligerent occupation is a status recognized by IHL. According to the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons (Fourth Geneva Convention) of 1949, t o which Israel is a party, a state is allowed to occupy a territory acquired in an armed conflict, but such occupation must be temporary pending a peace settlement. Israel as the occupying power has obligations to protect and ensure the welfare of the Palestinian civilian population in Gaza, but it has breached its obligations, and has perpetrated violations of the Fourth Geneva Convention by launching a series of military campaigns against Gaza and imposing an illegal siege on the densely populated area as a form of collective punishment prohibited by Article 33 of the Convention. Before 2005, Palestinian resistance of the occupation was directed against Israeli forces present in the Gaza Strip, but following the imposition of the total siege and launching a series of military attacks on Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian armed groups began to fire rockets into Israeli territory in an attempt to lift the siege and end the belligerent occupation. Occupation in itself is an act of aggression and it is a self-evident legal and moral principle that an aggressor can never rely upon self-defense to justify using force against resistance to its own aggression. This principle is demonstrated in the judgments of the Nuremberg tribunals. A Nuremburg judge put it as follows: One of the most amazing phenomena of this case which does not lack in startling features is the manner in which the aggressive war conducted by Germany against Russia has been treated by the defense as if it were the other way around. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦If it is assumed that some of the resistance units in Russia or members of the population did commit acts which were in themselves unlawful under the rules of war, it would still have to be shown that these acts were not in legitimate defense against wrongs perpetrated upon them by the invader. Under International Law, as in Domestic Law, there can be no reprisal against reprisal. The assassin who is being repulsed by his intended victim m ay not slay him and then, in turn, plead self- defense. (Trial of Otto Ohlendorf and others, Military Tribunal II-A, April 8, 1948) [18] [1] J.P. Filiu, Gaza: A History, UK, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 311. [2]Legal Status in Palestine, Information Center, Institute of Law, Bir Zeit University, Ramallah, https://lawcenter.birzeit.edu/iol/en/index.php?action_id=210, (accessed 24 October 2014) [3] Filiu, supra note 1. [4] UN Security Council Resolution 242/1967, S/RES/242 (22 November 1967), available from undoc.org/S/RES/242. [5] Y. Shany, Faraway, So Close: The Legal Status of Gaza after Israels Disengagement, International Law Forum, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, August 2006, p. 7. [6] Gaza Strip, BTselem à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, https://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip, (accessed 25 October 2014). [7] IDF Spokesperson Office, Mission Completed, 12 September 2005, cited in Y. Shany, Faraway, So Close: The Legal Status of Gaza after Israels Disengagement, International Law Forum, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Augus t 2006, p. 3. [8] Ibid. [9] Israeli Supreme Court, 10265/05 Physicians for Human Rights v. Defense Minister, States submission of July 11, 2006, cited in Disengaged Occupiers: The Legal Status of Gaza, position paper, Gisha à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Legal Center for Freedom of Movement, January 2007, p. 23 (all translations of court documents into English are by Gisha). [10] BTselem, supra note 1. [11] N. Erakat, Humanitarian law and Operation Protective Edge: a survey of violations and remedies, expert analysis, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, August 2014, p. 2. [12] Disengaged Occupiers: The Legal Status of Gaza, position paper, Gisha à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Legal Center for Freedom of Movement, January 2007, p. 10. [13] Report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, A/HRC/12/48, September 2009, para. 278 and 279. [14] A Statement from PM Netanyahu to the International Community, the Yeshiva World News, 10 July 2014, https://www.theyeshiv aworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/246114/a-statement-from-pm-netanyahu-to-the-international-community.html (accessed on 1 November 2014). [15] J. Dugard, Debunking Israels self-defense argument, Opinion, Al-Jazeera America, 31 July 2014, https://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/7/gaza-israel-internationalpoliticsunicc.html (accessed on 1 November 2014). [16] N. Erakat, Humanitarian law and Operation Protective Edge: a survey of violations and remedies, Expert Analysis, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, August 2014. [17] J. M. Leas, Why the Self-Defense Doctrine Doesnt Legitimize Israel Assaults on Gaza, Counter Punch, 27 December 2012, https://www.counterpunch.org/2012/12/27/why-the-self-defense-doctrine-doesnt-legitimize-israels-assault-on-gaza/ (accessed on 1 November 2014). [18] M. Mandel, Israels Unjust War on Gaza, Self-Defense against Peace, Global Search à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Center for Research on Globalization, 7 August 2014, https://www.globalre search.ca/israels-unjust-war-on-gaza-self-defense-against-peace/5395084 (accessed on 1 November 2014).

The Impact Of Media On Social And Political Decisions

The information is very important for people in communities. Citizens can receive the information from a variety of mass media such as televisions, radios, and newspapers, and also get from new media such as the Internet. This information has affected to people who use data for making social and political decisions (Ederstone, 2011, p. 140). Media ownerships play an important role as man in the middle by collected facts from their journalists and spread to general public. Also the same information can disseminate to worldwide through new media. The purpose of this assignment is to illustrate the benefits of concentrated media ownership, including news to become international and a variety of services and products. It will then go on to describe the disadvantages, which involve diversity of content and lack of neutrality. Convergence technology is breaking down walls of the media and allows news to become international that means local news can spread to global audiences. In fact, the Internet has created an extraordinary of information and entertainment via data broadcasting, Internet technologies and traditional home video replacement. People around the world can access the content that media owners provide, so the same contents are spreading to global viewers. In addition, research in industry trends from PricewaterhouseCoopers shows that advertising revenue on the Internet is predicted that it will sharply rise from 6,000 billion in 2008 to 15,000 billion in 2017,Show MoreRelatedThe Black Lives Matter Movement972 Words   |  4 PagesWhen looking at current social movements it is important to understand how race, class, and the current political sphere intersect with current social environments. Because we have movements that are focused on systemic/longstanding social issues it is important to understand how decisions are made in reaction to these systemic problems and how public opinion is effected by them. 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Insomnia Cookies Free Essays

Organization Structure and Design at Insomnia Cookies What do you think the current organization chart at Insomnia Cookies looks like? Is this structure appropriate for its needs? Explain. What forces have most influenced the structure of Insomnia Cookies? Describe CEO and founder Seth Berkowitz’s span of management. The organization chart is quite confusing because employees of Insomnia Cookies perform beyond their role of duty that they are supposed to. We will write a custom essay sample on Insomnia Cookies or any similar topic only for you Order Now An organization structure should reflect the company’s management chart and the roles and responsibilities of the employees (Lehmann, 1998). In this case, the structure is disorientated. Now, the organizational chart at Insomnia Cookie is divided in three parts, which consists of the top management, middle management, and the lower management. The Chief Executive Officer come founder sits at the part of the top management. The Marketing Director, Chief Operation Officer, Finance Director and the Operations Coordinator in the middle part of management, while the lower management includes the marketing team, managers, bakers and delivery staffs. At Insomnia Cookies, the Manager force influenced most of the structure in the company. Every manager thinks in a different way. As factors such as experience, knowledge and values shape the person’s way of thinking and perception, some issues could occur when running a company. The executive staffs at Insomnia Cookies are lean, which consists of the Chief Executive Officer (also the founder), a Marketing Director, a Chief Operating Officer, and an Operations Coordinator. When Insomnia Cookies first formed its company, all managers were new and nobody have tried managing a company, thus solution for every issue were made and done only when something serious came up. The task force influenced the change of the activities in Insomnia Cookies. According to Certo and Certo (2012), task includes the degree of technology in performing a task. When issues about managing labour costs, food costs and inventory management came up, the Chief Operating Director began with a system and database to manage costs. He multitasked as he went down to store to work with the bakers while he need to manage the operation of local store marketing to ensure the local store growth to be seen as a whole to the global standard. Using the factors that were stated by Koontz (1966), the similarity of functions factor explains that the activities performed by individuals that are under the supervision of Seth Berkowitz are dissimilar. The complexity of functions factor is hard to achieve because the subordinates each have their own complex tasks. Lastly, the coordination factor and the planning factor has negative tendency when the work done needs much coordination and especially when the manager spends much time sorting out plans. With all of these, it is concluded that Seth Berkowitz’s span of management is narrow. How to cite Insomnia Cookies, Papers

Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Essay Example

Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Paper Shakespeare tends to use his minor characters to allow a brief interlude of comic relief in his tragedies. However, these minor characters are also pivotal characters through which Shakespeare can convey much deeper and darker meanings to the audience whilst using black humour. The minor characters of the Porter in Macbeth and the Clown in Othello are both seen as comic characters whose main purpose would initially be expected as bringing comedy to the stage, yet the scenes in which they are involved and the characters themselves are much more significant than may first appear. Shakespeare is using these minor characters to contrast the element of dark comedy with tragedy enabling the two to become indistinguishable, allowing a sense of movement between the comedy, which creates the feeling of relief, therefore heightening the dramatic tension and the tragedy. The Porter in Macbeth enters the stage immediately following the murder of King Duncan. The Porters use of prose as opposed to verse and his frequent crude jokes and poor style of language, coupled with his short appearance and lack of stage space, resulted in him generally being ignored by much earlier critics. However there is layered meanings to this scene, enabling it to be interpreted in a number of ways, for technicality purposes or to further establish the character of Macbeth, and without it, the themes of the play do not hold as much significance. Although the scene is a mere 40 lines long, it is a dividing point of Macbeth, and one of the most debatable scenes in the entire play. The Porter Scene occurs at the start of Act II, and is multi-functional serving both practical technicalities and hidden meanings in the more sinister elements of the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shakespeare includes these comic scenes in his plays for a variety of reasons, and they are much more purposeful than merely adding some humour and lightening the mood. The location of this scene adds to the peculiarity of it and defamiliarizes the situation to the audience making events feel out of time and in the wrong space, resulting in possibility for its many interpretations. The scene immediately follows Macbeths offstage killing of Duncan and therefore, in terms of technicalities, without this scene Macbeths dress cannot be shifted nor his hands washed (Capell, 13). This is a very practical reason for the inclusion of the Porter yet minor characters were often included to enable the major characters to fulfil something or to support the actions of the major characters. This also delays the audiences as well as the other characters discovering the murder of King Duncan and therefore enables Macbeth to change his clothes; not only hidden from the audience but also to disguise and prolong the fact that he has committed the murder. However, if these are the solo reasons for the scenes existence a character who causes delay need not to be a drunken porter, (Muir). Therefore there must be a deeper meaning for such a comical character in a drunken state, which despite performing a series of comical actions could be considered as anti-comic. The fact that Macbeths brutal slaying of Duncan immediately precedes his entrance locates the Porter as the true test of comedy that shall awaken thoughtful laughter. (Meredith, 994). Whilst providing comic relief, the scene is also as a transition period for the audience as the action moves from the intensity of the murders to the drama that follows, acting as a paradox to add to the tension not only on stage between the characters but also with the audience. The use of light humour in the porters soliloquy intensifies the suspense as opposed to merely creating humour and increases the effectiveness of the transition which would not have as much meaning if every minute of the play contained violence and intense drama. Although the Porter initially appears as a drunken fool who is nothing more than an idiot, Shakespeare is actually providing the audience with a much deeper understanding of the themes of the play through some of the Porters comments. One reading of the Porter is to take his comments literally and to read him as a porter of Hell Gate (II. i. 3), not just a porter of the gates of Inverness Castle. This then links to the meaning of Hell and whether it is the place he is referring to or Macbeths state of mind. If the purpose of the Porter is to represent the state of Macbeths mind at this vulnerable time, then the Porter can also be seen as taking on the role of Macbeths interrogator. (Chahidi) Macbeth is under a lot of pressu re from both Lady Macbeth and his own guilt and conscience after having killed King Duncan, therefore the Porters talk of hell and damnation are things that will be at the forefront of his mind. The fact that the Porter immediately converts to the role of a regular, drunken porter at Macduff and Lennoxs arrival, may be representative of the dual personality that Macbeth is going to require; the public Macbeth and the private, murderous Macbeth; who has given himself up to the devil due to the amount of evil within him. This representation of the Porter as Macbeths disorderly state of mind may be why he regards his job as a porter of hell-gate. The house has become a house of hell due to it being owned by Macbeth. The Porters drunken stupor, coupled with the fact that the conversation turns to talk of drink and sex upon the arrival of Macduff and Lennox, enables Shakespeare to contrast the Porter with the other characters, including Macbeth, and declaring him to as a character who is of a lower social class and an uneducated member of society. The intensity of Macbeths sins and crimes are also intensified by the Porter whose sins are merely innocent drinking and fornication as opposed to the cold, evil crimes within the castle. The Porters simple vices establish an ethical distance between ordinary humanity and Macbeth. (Harcourt) During his speech, the Porter mentions three professions, a farmer, a tailor, and possibly the most important, the equivocator. The choice of these professions is not a mere coincidence but a result of their importance to the dramatic situation and Macbeths character. The first, .. a farmer that hanged himself on thexpectation of plenty (II. iii. 7-8) parallels Macbeths earlier state of mind in Act 1 Scene VII. He struggles to cope with the amount of evil and the great sin he is committing because of his conscience, and as a result of which, he depends upon his drive and ambition to help him fulfil the evil deed, I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which oerlaps and falls on thother (I. vii. 25-26). It is only his internal drives that lead Macbeth to his downfall; there are no real external necessities or factors causing Macbeth or the farmer to resort to such drastic actions. The inclusion of the tailor and his thieving may relate to the fact that Macbeth is stealing Duncans place on the throne and will be dressed in borrowed robes. (I. iii. 108) This image of clothes is used a number of times throughout the play and is also a recurring symbol in the Porters speech who refers to a French hose. (II. iii. 13) The most important of the professions mentioned by the Porter is evidently the equivocator, that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for Gods sake, yet could not equivocate Heaven. II. iii. 8-9) These words are heavily laden with the element of sin and the treason of the equivocator paralleling the treason of Macbeth murdering the King. At the end of the play, Macbeth will have to pay for his crimes but unlike the equivocator who was able to equivocate Heaven, Macbeths punishment will be eternal. The Porters status as a minor character is justifiable due to his short presence in the play, yet his presence can also be seen as a continuance of the supernatural elements throughout the play. The clown disappears without a word: we might say that he vanishes, like the witches, when his many tasks are complete. (Brown) This interpretation of the Porter as a continuation or product of the witches is intensified in certain productions of the play as some directors have chosen to have the same actor play both the part of a witch as well as the Porter. Very often it is the actors own depiction of the Porter that determines his characteristics resulting in it being interpreted in many different ways. As Shakespeare does not specify how he wants the character to played it may be that this was his original intention. Paul Chahidi who played the role of the Porter as well as one of the witches believed that the Porters speech was included in order to give a voice to all of Macbeths thoughts and imaginings after the murder (Chahidi), which have ironically come about as a result of the witches prophecies, voiced by the same actor. Following an analysis of the character of the Porter and the scene in which he is located, it is evident that this minor character is very important as he is included at such a significant and pivotal point in the play. He serves a much greater purpose than merely making the audience laugh. The introduction of a character such as the porter enables Shakespeare to juxtapose moments of humour with moments of tragedy. Without these elements of humour, the language would not carry the same connotations or meaning, resulting in it being less effective. Macbeth is not the only play to have a minor character; whose presence is so brief that they do not even qualify for an individual name or title; playing such a momentous role and it is especially common in Shakespeares tragedies. These arguments of the purpose of minor characters are also supported by the role of the Clown in Othello who is equally more important and significant than first suggested. The function of the Clown in Shakespeares Othello can also be queried as although it is initially conveyed as a character who provides humour and some comic relief, the poor quality of the jokes and the fact that they result in very little humour, leaves the audience questioning Shakespeares intentions of including a character who initially appears insignificant and useless. The Clown works as a servant in Othellos household and therefore has a dual role as both entertainer and servant. He makes two appearances in the play, the first being in Act 3 Scene I and the second later in the same act, in Scene IV, as opposed to the Porter in Macbeth who only appears in the one scene. However, despite making two appearances the total amount of dialogue spoken by the Clown only equals the equivalent of approximately twelve lines. The Clowns first appearance establishes him in his servant role, defamiliarizing the audiences image and purpose of a clown. However, the way in which these servants duties are performed and his choice of language carrying comic connotations, helps to re-establish him as a clown and therefore a comical character in the play. The Clowns speech is not as straight forward as first appears as Shakespeare has employed the use of puns with almost every statement he makes. The Clowns opening line and introduction to the audience is whilst making a derogatory comment about the musician performance, Why masters have your instruments been in / Naples that they speak I th nose thus? (III. i. 4) This line is suggestive of the comical scene that lies ahead, which is enforced by the imminent need of some humour and comic relief at such an intense point of the play, following Cassio and Roderigos fight. Granville-Barker justified the inclusion of the Clown at this point as being : For relaxation before the tense main business of the tragedy begins we next have Cassio in the early morning bringing musicians to play beneath Othellos window (a pleasant custom, and here what delicate amends! ), to this being added the grosser, conventional japes of the Clown. Granville-Barker). Othellos distaste for the music and the fact that the Clowns entrance evolves around music, relates to Shakespeares conceptions of peace ad agreement in terms of music played or sung in tune, and of disagreement and conflict in terms of music out of tune. (Prager) Othello does not want to be soothed by the tune and therefore does not want any music, showing that he is evidently in a state of disarray. The Clown refers to the music as nasal, reminding the audience of the intensity of the conflict between the characters. The Clown is immediately established as being different to Shakespeares other comical characters. His dialogue is generally directed at other characters on stage without the need for him to soliloquize his speeches, and the puns and innuendos he makes are also aimed at the other characters who in turn respond to the Clown. The response of these on stage characters also helps the audience to further develop their understanding of them, and therefore the role of the clown may not solely be for comical purposes and to provide a sense of relief to the play, but also to further establish the main characters. This is established from the moment the Clown appears and he is left alone with Cassio who asks if Dost thou hear me, mine hones friend? (III. i. 21) and the Clown responds with, No, I hear not your honest friend. I hear you. (III. i. 22) This manipulation of honesty is a central theme in Othello and conveys the use of the Clown as a tool for establishing the other characters to the audience and intensifying the element of irony in the play. If Othello trusted his honest friends as opposed to the dishonest Iago the play would not have such a tragic outcome and the events that unfold would be quite different. Cassios response to the Clown further establishes Cassio himself as someone who does not like humour and is in fact a very serious person, contrasting entirely with the Clown. This serious aspect to Cassios character and his inability to partake in humour may contribute to his actions in later scenes. The Clowns later appearance in Act 3 Scene iv and his exchange with Desdemona, also contains dialogue laden with these puns, which relates to the earlier events, proceeding the speech and continues to emphasise the themes of honesty and lies. Despite the element of humour in this scene; reminding the audience that the main purpose of the Clown is to provide a moment of relief amidst all the tension; the Clowns choice of language and jokes also develops Desdemona as a sentimental, emotional character who is portrayed as nai ve and someone who readily believes what she is told and readily believes those she thinks she can trust. This results in Iago being able to manipulate her so easily. When asked of Cassios location, the Clown states that he dare not say he lies anywhere, (III. iv. and Desdemona takes his statement literally, replying, Why man? (III. iv. 3), again showing her naivety. Although the lying that the Clown is referring to is where Cassio is located, the context in which it is spoken and the earlier representation of the Clown, suggests to have a double meaning relating to telling a lie. The irony of this speech and fact that it is stated in the same sentence as stabbing Cassio, He is a soldier and for one to say a soldier lies, is stabbing. (III. iv. 7) is heightened by the later events in the play when Iago actually stabs Roderigo, a soldier, in Act 5. The way in which the Clown plays with the truth results in it being more believable and effective, enables the audience to understand Shakespeares intentions for what lies ahead and the subtle hints he provides about the events still to come. It is this black humour, which comes about as a result of Shakespeares education in Greek classics and literature that enables the incorporation of comedy or humour into the tragedies, Shakespeare loved Latin and Greek literature. What he had been taught at school he remembered, he improved his knowledge afterwards by reading translations. (Highet) This helps to maintain the attention of the audience and heightens the intensity of the dramatic moments. The use of these two minor characters is to provide elements of humour yet it also evident that the techniques employed by Shakespeare enable them to have a dual purpose. As is the fool in King Lear, who plays a larger role than the Clown and the Porter whilst still maintaining the position of minor character, the voices of these characters speak directly to the audience connecting the events of the play and reminding the audience of any subtle suggestions they may have missed or not understood. Whilst some critics view the insertion of these minor characters and comical elements as interrupting the actions, it can be argued that they in fact add to the tragedy and sinister moments. They are not there purely for comical reasons but to serve a purpose in terms of structure and theatrical necessity (Playnotes). It is through these minor characters that the brief moments of comic relief are seen. No matter how small or what the underlying meanings may be at these points of the plays they still provide a sense of humour and relieve the intensity of the drama.